![]() You normally find this in whoop style FC, 20x20mm or 16x16mm FC. However it has lower CPU speed, less flash memory and fewer UART ports, but it’s usually cheaper. The F411 used in FC normally has a smaller package but shares the same architecture with F405. You normally find this in 30x30mm flight controllers. There are two main F4 variants used in FC – F405 and F411.į405 is more powerful but bigger. Unfortunately, F4 FC don’t play well with Frsky receivers, as they don’t have build-in inverters, and so additional hardware (or DIY hacking) is required for Frsky SBUS, SmartPort and F.Port. F4į4 flight controllers were introduced shortly after the F3, and quickly gained popularity due to its processing power advantage. It’s actually determined by a separate memory chip on the flight controller. Note the size of flash data storage used for Blackbox logging doesn’t depend on the processor. Some F3 chips are almost pin-to-pin compatible with the STM32 F1 chip used on most F1 FC, in fact someone commented on my blog, that he successfully replaced the F1 chip with an F3 on his CC3D, and is now running 8K looptime on it (thanks to the SPI Gyro used on this FC). All UART’s on an F3 processor have native inversion, which means you can run SBUS and Smart Port directly without doing any “un-inversion hacks”.Effectively this means that an F1 board has only 1 UART for additional hardware, whereas an F3 board can usually utilize all 3 UART’s for extra devices F1 users have to avoid connecting any peripherals to UART1 in order to retain this slot for PC connection. In addition, and possibly more importantly, the newer F3 boards provide a dedicated UART for the USB port (VCP). F1 boards normally only have 2 UART’s compared to the 3 offered by most F3 flight controllers.This allows an F3 to run floating point based PID controllers significantly faster than the F1, it allows faster looptime Similar clock speed on paper (72MHz), however the F3 is better at handling floating point calculations thanks to the FPU (aka “math co-processor”).To summarize, the F3 has the following advantages over F1: However F1 flight controllers are considered outdated as they are no longer supported by most firmware including Betaflight (since 2017) due to hardware limitations – low clock speed, not enough memory for storing the firmware, lack of floating-point acceleration hardware and UART’s. The first 32-bit flight controller ever used on a mini quad was the CC3D which had the F1 processor (F103), followed by the iconic Naze32 which runs Baseflight. F0į0 chips are often used in BLHeli_32 ESC, however it’s too slow / has too little memory for flight controllers. Don’t get confused with the flash memory on the flight controller that is used for blackbox logging, which is a separate chip. ![]() * This is the internal flash memory inside an STM32 processor chip, it’s used to store the flight controller firmware codes. STM32 F1, F3, F4 processors on flight controllers Processor
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